![acl and mcl acl and mcl](https://cdn-media.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=cover,width=700,height=466/9l1qNeKh0Uai_uXfsnn9UU25I_1440x960.jpg)
![acl and mcl acl and mcl](https://yorkshirekneeclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Human-Knee-Bones-Ligaments-Yorkshire-Knee-Clinic.jpg)
Injury of the deep portions of the medial collateral ligament is evident as high-signal intensity, swelling and discontinuity of the medial meniscofemoral and meniscotibial ligaments or an avulsion injury of the meniscotibial ligament ( reverse Segond fracture). Other signs include a wavy form of the ligament. The most obvious sign of medial collateral ligament injury is its discontinuity in case of a partial or complete tear. Rarely an avulsion injury of the meniscotibial component ( coronary ligament) of the deep medial collateral ligament can be seen ( reverse Segond fracture). Plain radiographs are of limited value, avulsion injuries of the femoral condyle can sometimes be seen. Imaging in medial collateral injuries is usually done if multiple ligamentous injuries or associated meniscal tears are suspected 1. Most medial collateral ligament tears are proximal or distal. valgus force and hyperextension: medial collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament injury.valgus force and external rotation: medial collateral ligament and posteromedial corner injury.high impact valgus force: medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament and anterior cruciate ligament injury.direct impact on the lateral knee: isolated medial collateral ligament injury.Medial collateral ligament injury or tears are usually the results of valgus stress 1, but different mechanisms can result in characteristic associated injury patterns 5:
![acl and mcl acl and mcl](https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2015/03/ubuntu-xfce-chrome-os-620x465-100570872-orig.jpg)
They can affect the superficial portion and/or deep portions of the medial collateral ligament 1,5. Medial collateral ligament injuries range from a minor sprain over partial tears to complete disruption. Stener lesion of the medial collateral ligament in case of distal injury.On a physical exam, a perceived medial joint opening in 30° flexion on valgus stress is indicative of a medial collateral ligament injury 1,4. Usual complaints are medially located knee pain after acute trauma and the sensation of popping or giving way at the moment of injury. posterior cruciate ligament injury (rare)Ĭommon risk factors for medial collateral ligament injury include both contact and non-contact sports such as:.Medial collateral ligament injuries are very common in athletes 1-4 and it is likely that many low-grade medial collateral ligament injuries are unreported 1.